Biomoz

Have we ever given a thought on why there are various organisms that simply differ by very few characteristics? We might have seen the spiders in our house, a few of them are thin while there are a few others that are large with feathered legs. Similarly, the birds that swim in the water have the webbed limbs while those that fly in the sky have wings and simple clawed limbs. These might sound extremely simple to us at the time, but years ago, they were the most noted differences that not many people had noted in the earlier times. Hence going through these variations in the times when not many people were aware about evolution and science, the theory of Evolution was given by Charles Darwin.

Every single organism on earth is made from the complex structures of various cell structures that altogether combine to form the various types of tissues and organs. Thus, we can say that all organisms are basically cellular organisms.
Cells are the most important part of our life. They are known to be the structural as well as the functional unit of life and so are the most essential units in our body without which our existence is not possible.
Cell biology, in the academic discipline is the study of cells which is also known as Cellular biology, or Cytology. The study of Cell biology includes the various topics such as
The word cell is derived from the Greek word, “Kytos” meaning “container”. It encloses inside its membrane all the cell organelles which play a very vital role in all the essential life processes occurring inside our body. Thus, cell biology, along with the study of the cell structure also entails the study of all the cell organelles with their functions and the vital roles in the life processes. It also includes the study of the various cell activities that are performed inside these cells and have a great influence on our health, body and life. These activities include the cell interactions, cell signaling, life cycle, cell division (mitosis and meiosis) and finally cell death. The study of all these activities and interactions is extremely important as a minor change in them can result into a notable change in our body. Thus, it gets very essential that we learn in details about their structure and the proper working in our body.
This very basic study of the most basic unit of our life is thus categorized into the various categories based on the type of cells, their similarities and the varied differences. Simply based on the study of the cell and the cellular activities which are included in cellular biology, other fields are also developed which are:
• Genetics
• Biochemistry
• Molecular biology
• Developmental biology
These fields have their basics in cell biology, but simply spread boundlessly due to their complexity and significance. Genetics, deals with the study of the genes and the genetic codes which are the inheritable matters in our body which are transmitted from generation to the next. Biochemistry is the study of the chemical processes that occur between the various cell products that have an influence on the working of the entire body. Molecular biology is similarly the study of biology that is performed in the molecular level of all the components. And finally the developmental biology is the basic study of the major processes occurring in our body that lead to the growth and the development of a new organism. But, to learn about any of these fields, you have to learn more about the basic, that is cell biology.

Evolution in the past has been the most disputable topic of discussion amongst the various known scientists. For what we see today and was also observed earlier in the yester years that there are various groups of similarly featured organisms within the other groups sharing a few or more similarities. Later, with the increasing query these characters and features were uniquely studied in depth to learn about the smallest yet the most basic cause after these changes, the genes and their genetic codes. But later when the main cause behind these various characteristics and features were learnt, the most important question of their evolution came forth and with it came “The Theory of Evolution”.
Today we know that there are various types of organisms on earth made of the organs, tissues and cells. But when we think of how life on earth originated, we end up confused without much idea about it. There have been various studies and theories such as the Big Bang, to describe the origin of our earth and thus life. But even today, there aren’t many evidences to clearly and rightly describe the theory of origin of life. Thus as the origin of life is not known, and so is the origin of evolution.
Evolution as we all know is a gradual process of modification where a given organism changes into a different more complex and better organism. In other words, it is also known as the process of developing with the passing time which is further governed by a few factors. It is known to us that the cellular life most primarily evolved in the water and then by the various natural methods, organisms came into existence which had fossil records. Thus, it is believed and proved that most of the organisms evolved from a single common ancestor to form the various other groups of organisms with variant characteristics. Organisms slowly evolved from their ancestors into better organisms due to the various types of factors supervising their survival. We know that apes are our common ancestors from which other organisms such as the orangutans, gorillas, chimpanzees, gibbons and finally humans evolved with the passing time and changing environmental and natural conditions. These changing features in the organisms were most primarily noticed by the well known theorist, Charles Darwin. He noticed the unique biodiversity of the various organisms in the Galapagos Island. This imperative observation further made him to observe that various other diversities in nature that are caused due to the changing surroundings and thus noted that the various changes in the body that are in some or the other way useful to us, remain while the others simply fade off. This very well described the evolution of human beings from apes and that of plants from the small algae.

Many a times, when we see the beautiful things created by the nature around us, we force ourselves to think on how they came into existence. We all know the various theories that explain the existence of our planet earth and so on for the existence of all the smallest as well as the largest creations on the planet. A small particle of dust, itself has various small entities which altogether combine to form the particle. Thus, every particle itself is a combination of biology, chemistry and physics which together work to create the particle.
Structural biology, as the name suggests is a branch of that is also a part of biochemistry and biophysics. It is concerned with the study of the minute biological molecules that altogether form a larger functional base. For instance, we know that proteins are made from the combination of various amino acids which are further made from smaller elements like carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen and sulphur. Thus, the structural biology deals largely with the in depth study of macromolecules, about their functioning and their importance in our life.
Structural biology is the study of macromolecules that are made from various organic molecules such as the proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and the nucleic acids. These organic molecules are the monomers that combine together through the various chemical reactions to form the polymer of these monomers that are known as the macromolecules. The macromolecules play a very important part in our existence and thus need to be studied in depth. The study if structural biology includes the thorough study of the macromolecules those are responsible for the functioning of the cells that further give rise to the proper and the smooth functioning of our body organs. These macromolecules get coiled to form a three dimensional structure which we study as the protein structural biology and due to this structure of the macromolecules, they are able to function smoothly without having any mistakes or errors that could give a possible rise to mutations. The tertiary structure of a molecule largely depends on its basic structure that is called as the primary structure. Thus, to understand the functioning of any macromolecule it most primarily gets important to study the various structures of the molecules. The equipments like the advanced light microscopes along with the methods like the NMR, Electron microscopy, crystallography, etc. help the interested biologists to study the structure of all the macromolecules properly.
In this study of the structures of macromolecules and their other possible structures, bioinformatics proves to be a boon. Bioinformatics helps the biologists to study the various patterns and their probable structures for the different sequences which proves to be very beneficial to the various biologists. Thus, through structural biology you can now study the integral membrane proteins and their shapes to have a better understanding of the structure and the functioning of these macromolecules.

Biology is such a vast and an interesting field. We all are knowingly or unknowingly attached to the biology. It is all about the mechanism of our lives. Study of Biology includes many different aspects. During last century, biology has undergone a tremendous change with explosion of knowledge in general, and about living organism in particular. Biology literally means “the study of life”. Life occurs almost everywhere on earth, from the driest desert to the icy polar waters from the highest mountain peak to the deepest ocean trenches. Some of these are microscopic and single celled, while the others are many celled. Biologist have identified and named them. Study of all these is called BIOLOGY. Biology as a separate science was developed in the nineteenth century, as scientists discovered that organisms shared fundamental characteristics. It is now a standard subject of instruction at schools and universities around the world, and over a million papers are published annually in a wide array of biology.
Living organisms possess distinct characteristics but display organizational and functional unity, entail a mechanism of origin and evolution of diversities and maintain a balancing relationship with nature. All these aspects of life fall within the area of the science of Biology. Jean Baptiste Lamarck first suggested the term biology as the mane for the new science that he saw emerging from the fusion of the classical subject of the Zoology and Botany. It will also unravel the basic characteristic and organizations of living world, including molecular organization.
The study of Biology and living world is a special Endeavor of humans. Humans are biological beings and little different from the other living organisms. Although, animals several animals have curiosity, it is this feature that makes humans singularly different from other living organisms. We keeps pets, natural plants, visit zoological and botanical garden, all these activities reflect the innate attraction for humans for natural world and their feeling of connectedness of living things. In fact, the scientific extension of human curiosity has given birth to the science of Biology.
Living organisms interact with each other as well as their physical and chemical environment. However, biological systems, under the influence of nature show many exceptions with open mind because today’s exceptions may not remain so in the light of tomorrow’s knowledge and information. Biology as a discipline of science demands a scientific approach for analysis of its facts. Biology will give us all the knowledge about the different aspects of life. It will give us step by step learning for the lives.