Biomoz

Pneumonia is an infection or inflammation of one or both the lungs which is generally caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi or protozoa. Other people can catch pneumonia when they come in contact with bacteria, virus etc from an infected person. The microorganism can enter the body through mouth, nose and eyes. If your immune system is not strong, then the resistance power lowers down. Because of this the infection spreads into the air sac (Alveoli).The air sacs become filled with fluid and pus from the infectious agent, creating it more hard for the body to get the oxygen it needs, and the person may become sick.

Leukemia is a type of cancer. It is the cancer of a blood or bone marrow where leuk means white and emia means blood. It is characterized by abnormal growth of leukocytes that is white blood cells (WBC). Normally blood cells form in the bone marrow. Bone marrow is the soft material in the center of most bones. Most blood cells get mature in the bone marrow and move into blood vessel. The blood cell differentiation takes place in bone marrow. In people with leukemia the bone marrow produces abnormal white blood cell. In the early stage WBC’s work normally but then they may crowd out normal RBC, WBC and platelets. This creates a problem for blood to do its work.
Types of Leukemia:
Acute Leukemia: There is rapid increase of immature blood cells. They cannot carry out their work. The acute leukemia worsens rapidly so require immediate treatment to cease the rapid progression and accumulation of the malignant cells. If the accumulation takes place then it may spill into the bloodstream and spread to other organs of the body. Children’s are more prone to this acute leukemia.
Chronic Leukemia: They may not have any symptoms and in the early stage the abnormal cells can still do their work. Gradually the numbers of abnormal white blood cells increase than the normal cells in the blood. Acute Leukemia can be treated immediately while chronic leukemia has to be monitored for sometime before treatment to ensure maximum effectiveness of therapy.
Risk factors:
The exact cause of Leukemia is still unknown. But the known risk factor includes natural and artificial ionizing radiation, some chemicals like benzene, chemotherapy, tobacco, virus such as Human T- lymphotrophic virus (HTLV-I). People who are exposed to very high levels of radiation (such as those caused by atomic bomb explosion) are much likely than others to develop leukemia. Exposure to high levels of benzene and formaldehyde in the workplace can cause leukemia. Cancer patients are treated with chemotherapy, this drugs has alkylating agents which then further may develop leukemia. Virus HTLV-I may cause chronic leukemia to an individual.
Signs and symptoms:
• Headache, backache
• Fever
• Fatigue
• Weakness
• Weight loss
• Bleeding gums, blood in the stool or urine
• Little red dots may develop on the thighs or any other part of your body.
Treatment: Depending upon the condition, type and extent of the disease, patients may have hormone therapy, chemotherapy, radiation therapy or bone marrow transplantation. Immediate treatment is required in case of acute of leukemia while in chronic leukemia the doctor may suggest watchful waiting. However, chronic leukemia can seldom be cured.

Alzheimer’s is the most common form of dementia (It is not a specific disease) in older people. It is characterized by memory loss, confusion, worsening language skills, and impaired judgment. This disease is progressive, degenerative neurological disorder; it means it gets worse as time runs. In Alzheimer’s, the formation of abnormal clumps called amyloid plaques and jumbled bundles of fibers within the brain takes place.
Approximately 5 million people in U.S. are anguishing from Alzheimer’s. The disease affects the five percent of people age 60 to 75. Alzheimer’s is not a normal disease occurring at older age, but people are more likely to develop this disease as he or she gets older.

A sign is a signal that indicates something is going wrong in the body. This can be seen by health care practitioners. Like swelling, inflammation, redness, rash all are signs which can be seen. A symptom is something that is experienced by that individual only. For example, weakness, pain, chillness, spasm, breathlessness etc. For many different diseases it may happen they give same signs and symptoms of cancer. Only with the help of signs and symptoms doctor cannot detect the disease for that they have to undergo medical tests.
As we know that cancer is caused due to abnormal division of cells and forming tumors. Cancer is a group of diseases. The signs and symptom depends on how big it is and how much it affects nearby organs and tissues. If cancer spreads in the body then symptoms may appear in different parts of the body. As tumors grow it pushes the nearby organs, blood vessels, and nerves. Due to this pressure it causes signs and symptoms of cancer. But if tumor formation takes place in any part of brain then even the smallest tumor can cause early symptoms.
It may happen that symptoms may not appear in the early stage. It gives signs and symptoms only after it grows quite large. For example in pancreatic cancer, the pancreas do not grow enough large to felt from the external of the body. So when the tumor enlarges it causes blocking of nearby nerves ad may block the flow of bile. This causes backache and jaundice. Till then pancreatic cancer is in an advanced stage.
Signs and symptoms of cancer may differ but with any one or more of the subsequent symptoms you should seek specialist medical advice without delay. Very often the symptoms may be nothing to do with cancer, but if it is cancer the quicker you are seen by a doctor the better.

Tobacco:
Chewing tobacco causes mouth cancer. Smokers are having more chances of getting cancer as compared to the non smokers. Smokers have chances of getting cancers in lung, mouth, esophagus, larynx, throat, kidney, bladder, stomach, pancreas and cervix. The cancerous cells may spread that may cause leukemia. People who use smokeless tobacco (snuff or chewing tobacco) are at increased risk of cancer of the mouth.
Aging:
The most vital risk factor for cancer is growing older. Most cancers occur in people over the age of 65. But people of all ages, as well as children, can get cancer, too.
Lack of physical activity:
The people who are overweight, lacking physical activities, and poor diet are at a risk of several types of cancer. Many studies have suggested that people eating more fats in their diet are having chances of getting cancer in colon, prostate and uterus. Lack of physical activity and being overweight are risk factors for cancers of the breast, colon, esophagus, kidney, and uterus. An individual should eat healthy food which is high in fiber, minerals and vitamins. For this they should eat whole grains, cereals and fruits. One should not get obese for that they should go for a walk or should do exercise. Daily 30 to 45 minutes exercise should be done. The fat rich food should be avoided.
Genetics:
Genetics can play a big role in causing cancer. It is uncommon for cancer to run in a family. If you have a family history of cancer, such as breast cancer, taking extra precautions is very important. When cancer is genetic, a mutated gene has been passed down. Keep in mind that if you have a family history of cancer, it does not mean you will develop it. You only have a greater chance of developing it.
Sun exposure:
The ultra violet (UV) rays from sunlight are very hazardous. Skin cancer is caused due to exposure of UV rays. The UV rays damages the cell and causes early aging. It is best to avoid midday sun that is between 10 am to 2 pm. Wear long sleeves, hat, sunglasses and long pants. Use sunscreen lotions with a sun protection factor of at least 1.5.
Unsafe sex:
Unsafe sex can increase risk of developing a virus called human papillioma virus (HPV). HPV increase the risk factor of vulvar, cervical, and vaginal cancer.
Environmental Factors:
The environment having more of asbestos a mineral found in housing and industrial building materials can cause a number of medical problems. The people who are exposed to high amount of benzene are at a risk of cancer. Benzene is found in smoking, pollution and gasoline.

Cancer is a large and complex family of malignancies that begin in cells, the basic unit of life. The cells multiply and divide according to the body’s need but sometime it may happen that the cells starts dividing abnormally, creating a mass of excess tissue called a tumor. Tumors can be malignant means cancerous or benign means non cancerous.

What is Coronary Artery Disease?
The coronary arteries are the blood vessels that supply oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle, and when they become unhealthy, the heart muscle is at great risk.

Cataract in a simple language it means cloudy lens in your eyes. Cataract generally forms in both the eyes and progressively gets worse.
Cataract Surgery:
The person having cataract will have symptoms like poor night vision, spots in vision, seeing distorted images, changes in eye pupil color, blurred or cloudy vision etc. With the new emerging technologies in cataract eye surgery, patients no longer have to wait until a cataract grows or accelerates to a certain point before it can be removed. Cloudy and blurred vision can now be corrected at an earlier stage without repercussions.
The most common surgery performed for cataract eye is phacoemulsification in the U. S. During this surgery, a small incision is made and with the help of high speed ultrasound waves to break the cataract into tiny pieces that are then removed. The cloudy lens is then replaced with a clear intraocular lens (IOL).
But there are some complications and side effects of cataract surgery. There is a very small risk for complications related to your heart and lungs. If proper care is not taken then infection can be very serious, but it is very rare. A serious infection can result in loss of your sight on the operated eye. It may happen that a small amount of blood may stop you seeing clearly. The blood usually goes in few days and vision becomes clear. Very rarely, but it may happen that severe bleeding in the back of the eye takes place and which may further damage retina and has to go for second operation.
As such cataract surgery side effect is very rare. The operation on lens can cause detachment of the retina from the back of the eye. The detachment of the retina is an emergency situation that needs to be treated urgently. After surgery, the pressure may go up in your eye. Sometimes the eyelids swell up and the upper eyelid may droop.
Other complication, the eye tissues behind the new lens can become cloudy and may affect the vision and this is called as an after cataract. But this can be treated with a minor operation by giving laser to open a small hole in the cloudy tissues.
But overall if we see there are least side effects of cataract surgery. More than 90 percent people have better vision as compared to before the operation. But just have to take some care.

Rather starting directly with the treatments of Cataracts let’s have a look on other aspects.

A Cataract is painless clouding of the eye’s natural lens due to the damage of cells. Lens lies behind the iris and pupil. The cataract does not form on the eye but rather it forms within the eye. A cataract usually develops over a long period of time and thus is common in older people. They can gradually lead to blindness if left untreated.
Cataracts are classified into three types:
1. A nuclear cataract, forms in the nucleus, the centre of the lens and is due to natural aging changes.
2. A subcapsular cataract begins at the back of the lens. People with diabetes, retinitis pigmentosa, far sightedness or those taking higer doses of steroids may develop a subcapsular cataract.
3. A cortical cataract, forms in the lens cortex. Many diabetics develop cortical cataracts.
Cataract Symptoms and Signs:
The main symptom produced is generally only gradually progressive painless diminution of vision. You will notice the vision gets blurred and seems as if you are looking through a cloudy glass. Colors may not appear as bright as they used to be before. You may have double vision in one eye. Spots may appear in your vision.