If Addison’s disease cure is not done at proper time it can be life threatening. Addison’s disease is very uncommon type of disease of adrenal glands in our body. This disease is caused when the production of corticosteroid hormone gets disrupted. And due to this disturbance, the body is not able to avail proper amount of hormones resulting into many disturbances in the whole body.

Adrenal gland in our body produces many different types of hormones. The aldosterone hormone produced by the adrenal gland helps in regulating salt and water release from the kidney. Blood pressure is also controlled by the aldosterone hormone. The cortisol and corticosteroid produced by the adrenal glands is responsible for the fat, protein and carbohydrate metabolism. It also helps for controlling stress and inflammation recovery. Many other functions are also related to adrenal gland and if the adrenal gland is affected in any way, then it results into various types adverse symptoms in the human beings.

This disease is also commonly known as hypocortisolism, hypocorticism or chronic adrenal insufficiency disease.

Addison’s disease research

Addison’s disease research shows that this disease is caused when the adrenal gland is attacked by the body due to some results. But the main reason for this type of attack by the body is still not known. This type of attack or reaction of the body to the adrenal gland is called as autoimmune reaction. Thus, this disease is said to be caused when corticosteroid production gets disturbed. And this disturbance can be caused by any type of adrenal gland disorder. Also Addison’s disease can be caused by HIV, tuberculosis, cancer or other adrenal gland disease.

This disorder is extremely serious and can occur in any age. In Addison’s disease children and adult both are affected but it is most commonly found in people between ages 30 and 50.

Addison’s disease

Addison’s disease is normally diagnosed by blood tests, additional investigations and medical examinations. Usually symptoms and signs of Addison’s disease develop very slowly. Addison’s disease support symptoms like dark skin patches, black freckles over the face, shoulders and foreheads, and black or bluish discoloration may occur around lips, mouth, scrotum, rectum, nipples or vagina.

People suffering from Addison’s disease feel very weak, both appetite and weight becomes lose and become lethargic. They also suffer from reoccurring of abdominal pain and vomiting. Also blood pressure and level of blood sodium decreases while potassium level increases in the body.

So, proper care and treatment is very necessary for the people suffering from Addison’s disease otherwise they will lose their life.

HIV AIDS infection is the global issue of the present era of science and technology. And this problem is a great challenge for human survival. And so children and the young ones need to be equipped with the knowledge, values and attitudes which help them to face these challenges and assists them in making healthy life-style as they grow.

AIDS stands for Acquired ImmunoDeficiency Syndrome, a disease which makes difficult for the body to fight off infectious disease. The virus known as HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is the root cause of AIDS. These viruses are type of white blood cell in the body’s immune system that is supposed to fight off and assault germs. HIV is a type of virus called a retrovirus. These infectes humans when it comes in contact with tissues that line with the anal area, vagina, mouth, break of skin.

This virus weakens a person’s ability to fight with other infections. People with HIV virus when develop some infections or cancers are said to have AIDS. But having HIV does not always mean that you have AIDS. The HIV virus takes many years to develop AIDS. There are treatments for HIV AIDS infection, but there is no vaccine that can cure AIDS. Although people with AIDS are likely to die from this illness, but there are ways that help for people to stay healthy and live for some more period of time.

HIV can be transmitted through direct contact with the blood; through body fluid of someone who is infected with this virus. That contact can be usually from sharing needles or by having unprotected sex with an infected person. Both men and women can spread HIV.

An infant is also likely to get HIV from a mother who is infected.  The virus from mother enters to child in utero (during pregnancy), at childbirth and via breast feeding. A person with HIV feels okay and can still give virus to others. And in case of pregnant women with HIV can give the virus to her baby.

There some wrong notions about HIV transmission methods:

• Touching or hugging someone who has HIV AIDS infection cannot transmit the virus into other persons.
• Using public bathrooms or swimming pools.
• Bug bites
• Sharing utensils, cups or telephones with the person who has HIV AIDS disease can never transmitted the virus.

Causes of AIDS:

AIDS is caused by HIV. HIV is a virus which gradually attacks the immune system cells of the infected person. HIV progressively damages these cells and due to which the body becomes more vulnerable to infections, which will have difficulty in fighting off the other disease. When HIV is at very advanced stage, the person is said to have AIDS. It takes years before HIV has totally damaged the immune system for AIDS to develop.

Diagnoses:

Graves’ disease can be sometimes be diagnosed only on physical examination and some medical history.

Also some doctors like to have a radioactive image or scan of the thyroid to see whether the entire thyroid gland in overactive. Some blood tests are also conducted to confirm the presence of antibodies that stimulates the thyroid hormones which causes Graves’ disease. These tests are optional as signs that you are hyperthyroidism is causes by Graves’ disease are the presence of Graves’ eye disease, history of some family members and an enlarged thyroid. Similarly there may be history of immune problems in the family members including pernicious anemia, juvenile diabetes or painless white patches on skin known as vitiligo.

To finalize the diagnosis, Doctor may order two tests based on the fact that the thyroid gland uses iodine to make thyroid hormone. Tests are safe and small doses of radioactive iodine.

• The radioactive iodine tests measures the amount of iodine that thyroid collects from bloodstream. High level of iodine uptake indicates Graves’ disease.
• A thyroid scan shows where and how iodine is distributed in thyroid.

Symptoms:

Symptoms generally observed are:

• Anxiety
• Double vision
• Eye irritation and tearing
• Fatigue
• Goiter
• Increased appetite
• Insomnia
• Increased sweating
• Early pregnancy symptoms
• HIV symptoms
• Flu symptoms
• Depression
• Skin disease such as thickening of skin can be observed.

Treatment:

The treatment of Graves’ Disease includes

• Antithyroid drugs,
• Radioiodine
• Surgery.

Antithyroid drugs:

The main drugs included here are carbimazole, prppylthiouracil, and methimazole. These drugs block the fastening of iodine of iodotyrosines. Patients on these medications should see a doctor whether they develop sore throat or fever. Treatment with antithyroid medications must be given for six months to two years so that it can be effective.  The most common side effects are rash and peripheral neuritis and fatal reduction in the level of side effects cells.

Radioiodine:

Radioactive modality is most preferred for mainly older patients but it is suitable for almost all the patients. Hyprothyroidism therapy may prove complication of this therapy but may be treated with thyroid hormones if it appears. The patients undergoing this therapy must be monitored regularly with thyroid blood test as this ensures that they are treated with thyroid hormone before they become symptomatically hypothyroid.

Surgery:

This modality is suitable for young and pregnant patients. It immediately cures and removes the potential removal of carcinoma. Due to removal of gland enables complete biopsy to perform to have definite evidence of cancer anywhere in thyroid. There is no treatment further till cancer is detected. Each treatment has its advantages and disadvantages but most of the patients will find the one which is right for them. Generally, treatment of Graves’ disease is easily controlled and safely treated so it is always successful.

Graves’ disease

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder, which means the body immune system act against its healthy cells and tissues. There’s no way to stop your immune system from attacking your thyroid gland, but through treatment, symptoms of grave’s disease can be alleviated and also the production of thyroxine can be decreased.

There are mainly three components to Graves’ disease:

• Hyperthyroidism (the presence of too much thyroid hormone).
• Ophthalmopathy (projection of the eyeballs).
• Dermopathy

The Graves’ ophthalmpathy occurs when cells from immune system attack the muscles and other tissues around the eyes. This causes felling of “sand n the eyes” and further it may cause, double vision and vision loss may occur. Also symptoms like dry and irritated eyes and trouble in moving the eyes may also occur. It worsens with smoking.

There is no exact reason why people develop Graves’ disease, but some scientist believes that some factors such as age, heredity, sex and emotional and environmental stress are involved. An individual’s chances of developing Graves’ disease increases if other family members have it. Also in case of pregnant women, after treatment with surgery or radioactive iodine, some thyroid- stimulating antibodies are still present in blood. The woman who had this treatment before or the anti bodies she produces may travel to baby’s bloodstream and stimulate the fetal thyroid. That woman should inform doctor about the surgery she has been treated with so that her baby can be monitored for thyroid related problems later in the pregnancy.

Causes:

Graves’ disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism. Normally, your immune system uses proteins and white blood cells to eliminate bacteria and foreign substances (antigens) that invade our body. In Graves’ disease, the antibodies unite to the surface of thyroid cells and stimulate cells to overproduce thyroid hormones. This results in an overactive thyroid; which in turn enlarge into goiter.

Ectopic pregnancy

It is observed to happen in about two of every 100 pregnancies in India.  As the pregnancy grows, it can lead to bleeding and causes pain and if it is not recognized, the tube can easily rupture which causes internal bleeding. This can turn fatal and if it is not treated it can lead to death. Most of the ectopic pregnancies resolve without treatment. These are known as tubal abortions. It is difficult for some women to become pregnant again who had ectopic pregnancy earlier. An ectopic is usually found between the fourth and tenth week of pregnancy.

Causes:

Ectopic pregnancy is caused when a fertilized egg gets lodge in a fallopian tube instead of continuing its journey to the uterus, where in it is supposed to implant. The most common reason is that the fallopian tube has been damaged, causing a blockage or narrowing, which prevents the egg from reaching its destination and it implants in the wall of the tube. It also causes if the pervious case was of ectopic pregnancy.

Symptoms:

Ectopic pregnancy turns difficult to diagnose due to some of its symptoms such as:

• Missed periods
• Nausea
• Breast tenderness
• Vomiting
• Frequent urination
• Pain in pelvis and abdomen
• Dizziness or fainting
• Low blood pressure
• One-sided pain in the lower abdomen and intense stabbing pain
• Often vaginal bleeding. In this case you might not know that you are pregnant and mistake for a period. But the blood is usually different from normal period and often dark and water.
• Pain in the lower back.
• Shoulder-tip pain. This can happen if there is internal bleeding which causes irritation in internal body organs such as the diaphragm.

Treatment:

The treatment of ectopic pregnancy varies, depending on how medically sable the women is and also the size and the location of the pregnancy.

Nonsurgical treatment

Treatment is possible with the help of an injection of methotrexate, which stops the growth of embryo.

Surgical treatment

If the pregnancy is further along after injections, you’ll likely need surgery, to remove abdominal pregnancy.

However, the pregnancy can be sometimes removed using laparoscopy. It is a less persistent surgical procedure. Where the surgeon makes small incisions in the lower abdomen and then inserts a tiny video camera allowing the surgeon to see what’s going on inside the body without making large incisions. The ectopic pregnancy is then removed and any damaged organs are also repaired or removed.

Ectopic pregnancy is a medical emergency, and so if it is not treated properly it may lead to death.

Symptoms of dissociative identity disorder:

Several symptoms are found in dissociative identity disorder such as frequent gaps found in memories of personal history, including places, people and events for both recent and distant past. Repeated dissociation may lead to mental stress, which may take the identity of  their own.

• Symptoms of depression, passivity, dependence, anxiety and guilt may also be present.
• Visual or auditory hallucinatiovuns may occur.
• Aggressive or self-destructive behavior may take place.
• Severe headaches or other pains
• Time distortions, time lapses and amnesia. The patient may feel gaps in memory for long time and in some cases the entire childhood.

The major dissociative symptoms experienced by DID patients are depersonalization, amnesia, derealization and identity disturbances.

• Depersonalization is a dissociative symptom where in the patient feels that his/her body is unreal, is dissolving or is changing.
• Deralization is a symptom in which the patient perceives the external environment to be unreal. They feel that the wall, Buildings is changing shape, size, and color. They may also fail to recognize relatives or close friends.
• Identity disturbances are such a symptom where the patient suffering from DID have a main personality that psychiatrists refer to as the “host”. This is usually not the original identity, but rather one developed in response to childhood trauma.

Diagnosis

A symptom gets diminished spontaneously, but dissociative identity disorder does not resolve that easily. Patients can be divided into groups based on their symptoms.

1. Symptoms are mostly posttraumatic and dissociative. These patients generally recover completely and function well with the treatment.
2. Dissociative symptoms are combined with the major symptoms of other disorder such as mood disorders, personality, eating, and substance abuse disorders. These patients recover much slowly and so treatment for multiple personality disorder may be less successful.
3. Patients not only have severe symptoms because of coexisting mental disorders but may also remain deeply and emotionally attached to their abusers. Treating these type of patient can be challenging

Treatment:

Treatment for dissociative identity disorder consists of psychotherapy with hypnosis.

The therapist seeks to make the contact with as many alters as possible and tries to understand their role and functions in the patient’s life. The goal here is to integrate the personalities into a single personality. However, integration of personalities is not always possible through hypnosis.

Psychotherapy is the best treatment for the individuals suffering form dissociative identity disorder, as it emphasizes the integration of various personality states into one unified personality.

• The primary focus is to help patients to control their symptoms. And to deal with the emotions, flashbacks, suicidal impulses. The patient should be coached on how to intervene long before anxiety rises to a critical level.
• Control is he major problem, and by learning new ways to control their symptoms,  patients no longer view themselves as victims of past.

Some patients benefit from hospitalization, during which continuous monitoring are provided as painful memories are addressed. Modified exposure techniques can be used to treat traumatic memories.

In Disociative identity disorder, each pattern of behavior is complex and this behavior usually contrasts strikingly with that of normal state. It is the integrated scheme of attitudes, emotional responses and social behavior. One of the main characteristics of this disorder is that people look as if they are lost. They seem unaware that the time has passed.

Here the central personality seems to disconnect when the person possess the other. And thus disrupts the continuity of recollection of life events. Dissociation is a mechanism that allows the mind to separate or classify certain memories or thoughts from normal perception. The dissociation process occurs along a spectrum of severity. It does not essentially mean that the person has the mental disorder. Dissociation relates hypnosis involves a momentarily altered state of consciousness.

It is one of the most misunderstood types of mental illness. Sometimes it is being presented in most exaggerated form and is compared to schizophrenia. Dissociative identity disorder and schizophrenia are two different cases. The two are often confused.

Associated features of dissociative identity disorder are:

• Depression
• Trauma
• Mood swing
• Phobias
• Panic attacks
• Sleep disorders
• Alcohol and drug abuse
• Panic attacks
• Fragmentations of identity and memory
• Disruption of identity and memory
• The patient has at least two distinct personality states. Each has its own ability of relativity, thinking and relating to self and environment
• Common forgetfulness. The patient loses the ability to remember important personal information.

Dissociation thus disrupts the continuity of self and the recollection of events.

Causes of dissociative identity disorder are:

• It is usually caused by abuse or sever trauma in early childhood. This trauma can be emotional, physical or being neglected in childhood.
• Usually due to much involvement in a book or a movie so the complete surroundings gets unnoticed
• Mild degree of dissociation can occur with physical stress, when people go without sleep for long period of time.
• Moreover dissociation is caused by some traumatic experiences as childhood abuse, criminal attacks, involvement in a natural disaster, or brainwashing in hostage situations
• Repeated and sever physical and sexual abuse in childhood.
• The influence of other relatives with dissociative symptoms or disorders.
• Insufficient protection and nature during childhood also crate this disorder.

Based on these causes and symptoms, the dissociative identity disorder treatment is decided by the doctor. However, for treating dissociative identity disorder properly, you need to diagnose the disease timely.

Treating atopic dermatitis

Symptoms:

The perfect treatment for Atopic Dermatitis is only possible once the symptoms of the disease are properly understood. The symptoms of atopic dermatitis may vary in every single person suffering from the disease.

Although, typically the disease causes itchy, dry and red skin in all the infected areas which mainly includes the regions with folds of skin such as the face, wrists, arms, knees, etc. The disease may also cause certain cracks on the infected areas such as the ears and the other part of the body.

Scratching and rubbing these infected areas may further ignite the inflammation on these affected areas which thus enhances the spread of the infection in the associated areas. In a few severe conditions, the affected areas also cause scaling of the skin along with the development of the papules (raised bumps on the skin).

Diagnosis:

Diseases like Atopic Dermatitis are usually diagnosed through a physical visual examination by a dermatologist or a physician.

Generally, during any normal checkups, you may have encountered a list of questions such as, if you may have had skin rashes or any itchiness on your skin, or family history of someone having skin rashes, etc. before being given your regular medications. This is one time when you may probably be diagnosed for Atopic dermatitis.

Apart from this method, a large number of people are usually diagnosed due to the sudden skin reactions that occur on the body of the patients when they accidentally come into contact with a kind of allergen. Once such an incident occurs, you may then be asked to undergo a skin biopsy for further tests to know if you are suffering from atopic dermatitis. Based on these reports, your dermatologist will hence provide you with the best atopic dermatitis cure.

Treatment:

A good atopic dermatitis remedy that cures you from the disease is usually the result of the combined efforts of both, the doctor as well as the patient. The doctor suggests a proper treatment method which later needs to be followed by the patient in the same manner as prescribed by the doctor.

The treatment mainly involves fulfilling three basic goals which include:

• Healing the infected skin
• Keeping the infected skin healthy
• Treating this infected skin to avoid its reoccurrence.

Each of these steps includes the use of several medications in the form of creams, ointments like Tacrolimus, Pimecrolimus, etc.

So, don’t be worried with this skin disease, instead make sure that you get immediate medical help in order to avoid the severe conditions of the disease in the coming time.

“Atopic” as a word refers to the diseases that are usually hereditary, while “dermatitis” means inflammation caused on the skin. Thus, the disease is simply believed to be inherited from one generation to the other in some or the other form.

Causes:

There can be several causes for the skin disease to occur in an individual, although one very genuine reason stays to be that of genetic inheritance. However, even the environmental factors play an important role causing this skin disease in an individual.

Generally, for all types of skin inflammations caused, the term “eczema” is used. And, there are several types of eczema caused which are mentioned here below.

Types of eczema:

There are several types of eczema occurring on the several parts of our body and hence, it gets important that we learn about the types of eczema.

• Contact Eczema: This is a localized reaction that causes reactions like inflammation, redness and itching in the areas where the skin comes in contact with allergens or the cleaning agents and chemicals.
• Seborrheic Eczema: A very mild and common form of eczema, the Seborrheic eczema causes an oily, scaly, yellow skin patch on the areas such as scalp, face, ears, etc. This is also called as dandruff in adults.
• Allergic contact eczema: Our body has an immune system that safeguards us from the harmful foreign factors. The Allergic contact Eczema is the reaction caused in our body when our immune system recognizes any substance as a foreign factor leading to a reaction that results to red, weepy and itchy reaction on the body.
• Neurodermatitis: A bit different from the other types of eczema, Neurodermatitis is an allergic reaction when the affected person picks the skin which leads to rashes in the body. The main cause for this type can be the sensitivity of the skin that causes repetitive itching.
• Nummular Eczema: This is one extremely distinctive type of eczema, which causes isolated coin-shaped patches on the skin, specifically on the buttocks, arms, and the lower legs. These coin-shaped patches can be extremely itchy and scaly.
• Dyshidrotic eczema: This type of eczema causes an irritation on the skin of the palms and the soles of the feet. This eczema is specifically characterized by deep itchy blisters causing inflammation on the skin.
• Stasis Dermatitis: The stasis Dermatitis is a type of eczema that causes an inflammation on the skin of the lower legs. The infection is basically a circulatory problem related to the congestion of the leg veins. The skin infection is mainly darkly pigmented such as purplish–red or light brown in color.

Well, these are the types of atopic Dermatitis and once you know what type you are suffering from, you can start treating atopic dermatitis with the help of a good doctor.

Parkinson’s disease

Parkinson’s disease is also caused by some toxins or chemicals called MPTP which is an impurity found in some illegal drugs. Parkinson disease symptoms are seen within hours after the ingestion of MPTP chemicals.

Parkinson’s disease mainly affects the movements of the body. Parkinson’s disease symptoms often start from one side of the body in the early stages and then gradually affect the other side of the body. Some common symptoms of Parkinson’s disease are:

• Rigid limbs and trunk, stiffness, aching, weakness, tired,  muscle tenseness
• Movement slowness, difficulty in doing some task, shaking and rhythmic movements of hands
• Some disorders of moods, thinking, behaviour and sensation.
• Akinesia(difficulty in controlling facial muscles) and Bradykinesia(phenomena of slow movements) is seen
• Feeling angry, anxious, downright depressed or discouraged
• Difficulty in maintaining body balance and lacking coordination
• Impaired balance or postural instability may develop backward or forward lean in the patients which lead to fall easily
• Dementia, senility and depression are the secondary symptoms

Parkinson’s disease usually starts around the age of 60. Symptoms of Parkinson’s disease are more commonly seen in men compare to women. Parkinson’s disease symptoms are also rarely seen in some children.

Patients suffering from Parkinson’s disease require support group services, proper exercise, proper nutrition and general wellness maintenance to decrease the effects of disease.  Carbidopa-levodopa therapy is the best therapy for the people in the latter stages of this disease.

Catechol-O-methyltransferase(COMT) inhibitors drugs increases the effects of carbidopa-levodopa therapy by decreasing the effects of enzymes that stops the production dopamine chemical in the brain.

Amantdine is another drug that reduces the symptoms of this disease. It acts like a dopamine replacement and acts on different sites of the brain.

Thus, the most effective treatment for healing Parkinson’s disease is the drugs that replace loss of dopamine. These drugs are made by the combinations of levodopa, that produces dopamine and the chemical that ensures that the brain contain right amount of dopamine. Though they are very effective for treating the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease but they have some side effects like nausea, constipation and dizziness. These drugs can also cause some long term problems like unwanted movements of limbs and face.