• Causes of Type 1 diabetes

• Autoimmune disease: It is a disease where the antibody recognizes our own body cell as an antigen and destroys them. In case of Diabetes mellitus the antibody recognizes beta cell (which is responsible for insulin production) as an antigen and destroys them hence, which leads to the insulin deficiency. Lack of Insulin leads to hyperglycemia. The etiology of autoimmunity is not yet known.
• Coxsackie virus: This virus is responsible for the disease like mumps, measles, chicken pox, small pox etc. rarely this virus attacks the beta cells and destroy them, hence decreases the production of Insulin which then leads to increase in blood glucose level(Hyperglycemia).

2. Type 2 diabetes: Formerly it was called as Non Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and is caused due to Insulin resistance. Mostly the Type 2 diabetes is caused at the age of above 40 years. Type 2 diabetic patients are more prone to Hyperosmolor Non Ketotic Coma (HONK). The observed signs and symptoms in Type 2 diabetic patients are polyphagia, polyuria, polyphagia, frequent fungal infection etc. Type 2 diabetic patients suffer from Hyperglycemia as well as Hyperinsulinemia. But they have to take insulin in the later stage, so now the term NIDDM has been banned.
Normally, as soon as the glucose enters in the blood, pancreatic beta cell start secreting the hormone insulin which binds to the insulin receptor present on the body cell and hence opens the door for glucose to enter the cell. The glucose gets metabolized and then energy is produced.
But in Type 2 diabetic patients the insulin receptor becomes inactivated. It may happen that the fat gets deposited on the receptor because of which the insulin is not able to bind the insulin receptor and which blocks the entry of glucose into the cell.

• Causes of Type 2 diabetes

• Obesity
• Overweight
• Lack of exercise
• Heredity

3. Gestational diabetes: This diabetes is developed during pregnancy. Here the women’s are mostly suffering from type 2 diabetes. After delivery she becomes normal but in future she is more prone to diabetes. The complication may occur during delivery because the fetus becomes obese (above 4 Kg).
4. Secondary diabetes: It may be drug induced, pancreatic disorder or may be due to hormonal disorder.